Tax Playbook · Giving, strategically
Private foundations
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A private foundation is your own charitable fund that you control — but it must give away about 5% of its investment assets every year, and its investment income pays a 1.39% tax. Strict rules ban deals between the fund and you or your family; breaking them can trigger 10% taxes, with much bigger penalties if uncorrected. A donor-advised fund is cheaper and simpler with no payout rule; a foundation gives more control but more paperwork. A $2 million foundation generally must pay out roughly $100,000 in qualifying gifts each year.
Good for: Major donors wanting maximum control over charitable giving.
Learn the basics
Recent articles & guides
- Exponent Philanthropy: six excise taxes every private foundation needs to know
- National Philanthropic Trust: donor-advised funds vs. private foundations (Jan 2026)
- PKF O'Connor Davies: understanding the private foundation 5% payout rule (Mar 2026 PDF)
- Uncle Kam: DAF vs private foundation — 2025 tax strategy guide
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Educational summary, not tax advice. Limits and rules change — confirm current law with your tax adviser.